Recent breech birth experience


Recently a new mother got in touch with the OptiBreech team and was keen to share her story and experience with others.

We welcome all feedback and experiences as they can be so useful to understand how OptiBreech research is being utilised by the public.

“We all know no two babies are the same, so it came as no big surprise that my two pregnancies should not be the same. Most notably, baby #2 decided – sometime around week 23 – to make itself comfortable in a breech position. Following an additional scan during week 33, he was settled in footling breech, and I started working on all the advised exercises to help encourage him to flip. I did daily pelvic inversions, daily pelvic tilts, had 2 appointments for an ECV with a total of 3 consultants trying their luck – but nothing would move him out of his breech presentation. Ironically, it wasn’t the bum that was the difficult part during the ECV, but rather his head did not want to move away from between my ribs. So, we faced the cold reality of what a breech presentation means these days, particularly in Scotland and at the Forth Valley Royal Hospital: doctors telling us that their best advice is to schedule an elective caesarean section, mostly determined bythe sheer lack of properly trained personnel for vaginal breech births ever since the Term Breech Trial of 2000. But no thank you! This was my last baby, my last pregnancy, and my last birth. And after my first delivery ended up rather differently from what I had anticipated (induction, epidural, forceps, episiotomy – all things I wished to avoid), this was my last and only chance to use my prior experience and for this time to “get it right”. I wanted to go into labour on my own terms. I wanted to deliver vaginally. I wanted to deliver without an epidural to be able to remain mobile… So this breech position presented an issue. And as far as we were told only 2 consultants at this hospital were experienced with vaginal breech deliveries, but their working schedules were unknown as we approached the Christmas holidays. Thankfully, the doctors allowed us plenty of time to make an informeddecision and reassured us they would support any of our choices, as long as we are fully aware of all the associated risks. My main consultant was even happy for me to go past my due date by about 12 days for a scheduled section, which was a little surprising.

Baby Elliott

At 39 weeks I was booked in for a growth scan and to check baby’s position again. We were in complete breech and the measurements estimated a foetal birth weight of more than 4kg (weight at 39 weeks was estimated to be 3946g). Risks to baby of a vaginal delivery were highlighted again, particularly should the foot end up presenting first. By that point, I had done a ton of research and reading around vaginal breech deliveries and found the Breech Network an invaluable resource. I had also started hypnobirthing exercises to help me prepare for a calm and relaxed labouring process and birth, whichever way it would end up.

Once I approached my due date, I worked hard to help kick start my labour for two reasons: 1 – my mum was visiting from Germany for a week to hopefully meet her second grandchild, and 2 – because every day this baby was getting a little bit bigger, making a natural delivery less and less likely. I was doing hip circles on my birthing ball, lunges and squats, curb walking, sideways stair climbing, nipple stimulation and colostrum harvesting, sex, clary sage oil massages, acupressure, the lot. I was also booked in for 2 membrane sweeps, but neither happened as baby’s bum was not engaged and sitting on my pelvic brim, thereby posing a danger in case the midwife broke my waters during the sweep. However, one highly experienced midwife offered to at least do an internal examination to see whether anything was happening yet at all. She determined I was about 2-3cm dilated, could feel a foot at the cervical opening and only offered a very gentle cervical stretch, which went well. That evening I felt some tighteningsand was hopeful that this was the “push” needed to get labour started. However, the following day the tightenings had stopped almost completely, which was a little disheartening. The next day, I knew there were tightenings present, but they were rather unnoticeable, particularly during periods of activity or distraction. So at night, after my toddler was finally sound asleep, I decided to spend an hour of quiet time to observe my tightenings. I put on my hypnobirthing app and relaxation soundtrack and used the contraction timer to monitor frequency and duration of each tightening (which at this point I could only really feel when I placed my hand on my bump). As it turned out I had about 3 contractions in 10min, each lasting 80-90sec. I phoned maternity triage for advice given my situation and they asked us to come in for a check-up. Once we had childcare for the night in place, my husband, mum, and I drove to the hospital. The exam determined I was still only about 3cm dilated and that the foot was still the first presenting part. That said, the midwife said I would be okay to head home for a while longer, a decision that was quickly overturned by the consultant on shift that night who realised the risks of a cord prolapse with a footling presentation should my waters break en route or at home. So I was admitted and we spent the night – husband and mum sleeping uncomfortably in a chair and on the floor padded with jackets, and me with increasing “period pains”. By the morning I knew I was in early labour! 

I met the relatively young consultant who was on shift that day and he reassured me that he would be around for the next 24 hours and that he is comfortable with vaginal breech deliveries and has carried out a few of them. After reminding us of the current risks of my baby’s presentation and estimated weight, along my decision to want to deliver vaginally, we agreed that the ultimate decision would be made at the point when my waters break – if baby’s bum is low enough I would be allowed to carry on, and if it wasn’t I would be taken to theatre for a section immediately. We agreed and all necessary precautions (cannula, meeting the anaesthesiologist) were taken. He even offered to attempt a third and final ECV to which I agreed, but it clearly did not work.

During the day, I continued to labour with the help of my breathing exercises, the hypnobirthing relaxation soundtracks, movements, a couple of Paracetamols, and some intense pelvic counterpressure applied during each contraction by my two birth partners. I was able to keep going right until the moment I felt the need to push. The consultant gave me a quick examination and determined that I was fully dilated and still with a foot coming first. During my third contraction with pushing my waters finally broke (exploded!) and his little foot popped out. Another quick examination determined that thankfully the bum was low enough for me to continue on my path and the consultant only helped deliver the second foot before remaining “hands off”. As baby descended on its own, I could feel his legs flexing as I knew breech babies do during delivery, but the pain I experienced during those movements was intense and felt like someone was tugging and pulling him, further exacerbating the pain. I was on my 4s and reminded myself of the breathing techniques I learned from my hypnobirthing practice and the research I read on the Breech Network website (down-breathing and cyclic pushing). I knew time was of the utmost essence, so I remained focussed through the pain to make each push count and to get this baby delivered as quickly as I can. Halfway through the birth I was asked to switch onto my back and to move onto another bed, a task which seemed utterly impossible at the time with the labour pains and the lack of mobility as half of my baby was already born. But the move was important to flex and deliver his head, and so everyone helped me into my new position. Once on my back I reached down and could feel my baby’s floppy body. The consultant informed me that he is going to help deliver the arms, which were stretched up by the head. He managed to get the arms out and I felt an immediate and welcomed relief of the ring of fire. This was the final moment. Time had ticked on and the largest part had yet to be born. My husband told me that during the next push the head started to emerge, but retracted back into the birth canal as the cord was wrapped around his neck 3(!!) times – no wonder he didn’t flip around!

I was asked to give a really big push with my next contraction, but because I hardly felt or noticed my contractions during the whole delivery, I instead got myself mentally and physically ready and in my own time started afinal long and strong push. Birthing the head felt like a big ‘pop’ and an immense feeling of pain relief, exhaustion, and zen.

My baby’s cord was clamped and cut straight away (apparently the cord was stretched and white/compressed during a large proportion of the birth and tore during the delivery of the head) and he was taken to the resuscitation trolley to get his breathing started. He was quite stunned, blue and floppy and it took a little while to bring him back (APGAR score of 2 at 1min – heart sounds only; 6 at 5min) but the paediatricians knew what to do and did a great job. From my waters breaking to him being fully born took a total of 11 minutes (even though it felt a lot longer to me), and he was weighed at a proud 4165g. 

We stayed in hospital for about 28 hours and Elliott took his first feed on the breast after a good 6-hour recovery nap. He passed all his exams and tests and is a healthy and thriving baby.

I am so immensely grateful to have had this particular birthingexperience and I feel incredibly proud of not only what I achieved, but also for believing in myself and nature, sticking to my beliefs within the realms of safety for me and the baby, and to remain strong in the face of the potential risks. I owe a big part of this to the information available from the Breech Network and the birth preparations and positive affirmations provided by the Positive Birth Company. I don’t know how many times or how many medical staff I told that if no one is willing to give vaginal breech births a chance, how are the doctors and midwives ever going to get these skills back?”

— Sandy MacMillan

A call to our OptiBreech Results Group

The @OptiBreech team are looking to collaborate with service users who can help us share results with your communities

We have talked about the importance of inclusive research and ensuring the design of studies and trials are shaped by all voices recently. It is also important to consider the dissemination of results and ensuring we reach as many different groups as possible.

Currently, for 39% of OptiBreech participants, English is not their first language. We have a significant number of participants reporting Arabic, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Somali, Spanish, Tamil, and Urdu as their first language, with 13% of our participants indicating they need a translator. Additionally, 10% of OptiBreech participants are aged 25 and under.

We therefore would like to reach out to members of our involvement group and previous participants, to form an OptiBreech Results Group. We want to collaborate on developing a strategy to reach as many under-represented communities as we can who may not access our news and events through website updates or traditional media.

This may include making short, self-shot videos helping to communicate the results of our research in your own words and language, especially those results that YOU feel your community will find important. We welcome your ideas on how best to identify the most appropriate outlets to reach as many demographics as we can. You will be reimbursed for any activities with a Love2Shop voucher, in line with the NIHR’s recommended payment rates (approximately £25/hour).

We believe it is important to share data and evidence so that members of the public are aware of their options. We want everyone to have the information to be able to advocate for improved care for themselves individually or alongside their local Maternity Voices Partnership organisation.

Siân Davies, Participant & Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) lead.

To express an interest in helping us to disseminate the results of our research with your local community, please complete this form:

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Making research more accessible

In recent years we have seen the pervasive effects of health inequalities and inequities highlighted in the MBRRACE-UK reports. There has been discussion since then about ‘hard to reach groups’ and how we ensure all voices are shaping research and clinical practice. However, Dr Natalie Darko, an Associate Professor of Health Inequalities offers the perspective that actually it is more a case of research being incredibly difficult to access for a number of communities rather than those groups being hard to reach.

This is an incredibly pertinent consideration and something research teams really need reflect on when in the initial stages of designing research. We have seen a real emphasis on co-production and PPI informing projects but to truly address health disparities, it is critical to ensure underrepresented groups are included and their voices are shaping future work.

I recently met up with Victoria Walsh, chair of Wirral Maternity Voices Partnership to discuss some of the OptiBreech Project’s upcoming work and develop an inclusive PPIE strategy. We reflected on how best to be able to engage with a number of communities who are often excluded to increase their participation. Considerations such as interpreters (in multiple languages and British Sign Language) for events (both online and in person) and translation of all participant-facing materials to address language barriers. Accessibility should be considered in terms of the physical, psychological, technological, and financial barriers to participation. Additionally, mistrust in services is often a key barrier for underrepresented groups being excluded from research and so therefore consideration of our position and power must also be central to our approach when engaging with these communities. 

We are proud that in our pilot trial, 59% of participants came from non-British backgrounds and 29% were from black or brown populations. But we know there is always more to do to ensure everyone can participate in research. We look forward to continuing to work with Wirral MVP during the course of this year to be able to remove even more barriers to maintain the diversity of participation in OptiBreech research.

Siân Davies – OptiBreech Research Assistant and PPI Lead

A photograph of my not so little breech baby!

Useful References

Coe D, Bigirumurame T, Burgess M et al. Enablers and barriers to engaging under-served groups in research: Survey of the United Kingdom research professional’s views [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. NIHR Open Res 2023, 3:37 (https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13434.1

PPI Meeting, Sunday 30 October, 10 am

We would like to hear from you! 

Link to join (Teams)

We are in the process of developing a research proposal for a feasibility study to investigate the implementation of bedside resuscitation for breech babies who require breathing assistance at birth.

Research indicates that providing this immediate care next to mothers/birthing people reduces parental distress and is found to be more favourable by clinicians due to improving communication with parents while they provide care.

The purpose of this group session is to gain insight and feedback regarding our research aims and design from stakeholders to ensure the research is the next piece of the puzzle in improving breech care, designed appropriately, and acceptable to women/birthing people.

We have scheduled this meeting for 90mins to ensure everyone has enough time to discuss the proposal and ask any questions and we will also provide an optional short survey for anyone to provide any additional feedback if they were not able to during the meeting.

The meeting will be held on Sunday 30th October 10am – 11.30am via Microsoft Teams. You can attend the meeting for the full 90mins or attend like a drop in session. 

We look forward to meeting with you and hearing your thoughts.

Link to join

With very best wishes,

The OptiBreech Team

Plain English summary of the research (limit 400 words):

OptiBreech Care is a specialist care pathway for women whose baby is positioned bottom-down (breech) at the end of pregnancy. Our team previously studied how hospitals provide team care when a woman requests a vaginal breech birth to make sure it was possible. In this model, women found it easier to plan their choice of a vaginal breech birth or a pre-labour caesarean birth. Fewer women had emergency caesarean births, and outcomes for babies were at least as good as standard care. OptiBreech teams found one aspect difficult: leaving the umbilical cord attached if the baby needs help to start breathing. Team members told us this is challenging to achieve because they do not have appropriate equipment and training.

About 1:5 babies born after a vaginal breech birth need some help to start breathing, and about 1:10 are transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit after the birth. We feel we can reduce this to 1:5 (the UK national average for all births) if our specialist teams are able to provide help next to the mother. This will result in better long-term outcomes for the baby. Families have better experiences if they are not separated from babies, during resuscitation or after. Women in our OptiBreech studies have reported feeling let down because in most births where the baby appeared to need help, the cord was cut immediately, despite OptiBreech and UK Resuscitation Council guidance.

We aim to learn how to get optimal cord management right for every birth, how much it will cost and how it may improve outcomes for babies if we do this. We will supply one site with bedside trolleys and team training; another site will use trolleys they already have, with additional support; all thirteen remaining sites will continue to try to implement the recommendations with what they already have. We will observe the process for 12 months initially, during which we would expect 205 planned breech births to occur. We will conduct interviews with staff, parents and birth supporters following births where babies have needed support, to understand how this is working, or not.

By studying the process within small teams, who care for a population at higher risk of needing assistance to begin breathing at birth, we will be able to study and share insights that can improve the process for all teams, across the UK population of term births. We will share our results in scientific papers and a toolkit. Our research team includes a service user who has planned an OptiBreech birth, who will help us to involve other service users in shaping the research and to communicate the results of the research to a wide audience.